During the Northern Song dynasty, the Emperor is often respectfully addressed as "Guanjia" (literally "the off…
During the Northern Song dynasty, the Emperor is often respectfully addressed as "Guanjia" (literally "the official master"). This term originated in the Five Dynasties period and reflects a concept of the ruler that combines imperial authority with a more secular image. It's used both inside and outside the court, and in "History of Song," "Guanjia" frequently appears as a reference to the Emperor.